As an example, look at a person riding a bicycle, with the individual acting like the electric motor. If see your face tries to ride that bike up a steep hill in a gear that’s created for low rpm, she or he will struggle as
they try to maintain their stability and achieve an rpm that may permit them to climb the hill. However, if they change the bike’s gears right into a swiftness that will create a higher rpm, the rider will have
a much easier time of it. A constant force can be applied with clean rotation being provided. The same logic applies for commercial applications that require lower speeds while preserving necessary
torque.
• Inertia matching. Today’s servo motors are generating more torque relative to frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, lightweight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they want to move. Using a gearhead to raised match the inertia of the electric motor to the inertia of the strain allows for utilizing a smaller motor and outcomes in a far more responsive system that’s simpler to tune. Again, this is achieved through the gearhead’s ratio, where in fact the reflected inertia of the strain to the engine is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is 
the measure of an object’s resistance to improve in its motion and its own function of the object’s mass and shape. The greater an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the object. This implies that when the load inertia is much bigger than the engine inertia, sometimes it can cause excessive overshoot or boost settling times. Both conditions can decrease production series throughput.
On the other hand, when the motor inertia is larger than the load inertia, the engine will require more power than is otherwise essential for the particular application. This increases costs because it requires spending more for a motor that’s larger than necessary, and because the increased power usage requires higher operating costs. The solution is to use a gearhead to complement the inertia of the electric motor to the inertia of the load.
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