When choosing a electric motor for an application, a primary consideration may be the speed range it will be operated in. Whenever a motor is run considerably slower than its rated base speed, a number of potential adverse effects may come into perform, including reduced cooling effectiveness, reduced power performance and a change in the motor’s swiftness and torque features. To mitigate this issue, some motors and swiftness controllers have been designed especially to drive lots at low speeds with exact control.
Most domestic and commercial motor applications use 3-phase asynchronous induction motors, which operate at a speed that’s determined by the frequency of the supply power. When a credit card applicatoin operates at a continuous speed, the only thing that is necessary could be a gearbox or rate reducer that brings the motor speed down to the required level. However, many applications require the velocity of the electric motor to be various during operation.
This is usually achieved utilizing a VFD or Variable Frequency Drive, which controls the speed by modifying the frequency fed to the motor. Selecting the most appropriate electric motor and VFD type depends upon a number of factors, however, it is necessary to initial look at how the characteristics of a motor change when the speed is reduced.
A motor usually includes a base speed, specific by the manufacturer, that it can be made to operate at. Nevertheless, if a engine is operated below the base speed, it could experience reduced efficiency of the cooling system. Especially with 
typically used Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) and ODP (Open Drip Evidence) motors, where the cooling program consists mainly of a shaft-mounted lover, a decrease in speed results in decreased airflow over the electric motor and loss of cooling, and high temperature buildup occurs. Especially when the motor is operated with full torque at low speeds, heat can quickly build up in the motor to harming levels.
Gearboxes and speed reducers are mechanical speed reduction equipment used in automation control systems.
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